AUFSÄTZE

AINA TORRES-LATORRE
Adverbial and non-adverbial pronouns in the grammaticalization of future and conditional in Old Catalan

Future and conditional tenses had two different forms in Old Catalan: the so-called analytical forms , characterized by pronominal mesoclisis (cantarlo he) and the so-called synthetic forms , which could appear alone (cantaré ) or with proclitic (lo cantaré ) or enclitic pronouns (cantaré-lo). The distribution of the two constructions was conditioned by the restrictions of clitic placement in the Middle Ages (Sentí/Bouzouita 2022; Torres-Latorre 2023 a, 2023 b; Torres-Latorre/Sentí 2023), and also by some morphosyntactic characteristics of the verbal form, mainly verbal syncope and rhizotonic verbs (Torres-Latorre submitted). In this paper, we tackle the role of the type of pronoun and the number of pronouns in this variation. The results show that there is no significant difference between adverbial and non-adverbial pronouns, although pronoun hi shows a slight tendency in favour of the synthetic construction.

GERHARD PENZKOFER
Homonymie, Paronomasie und Tmesis: Wiederholungsfiguren in Cantar de mio Cid

My contribution focuses on the rhetorical structures found in the verses and laisses of the Cantar de mio Cid. It examines the phonetic, semantic, and syntactic-metrical repetitions that give the elocutio of the Cid its unique form and expressive power. My thesis posits that these rhetorical repetitions reshape, embellish, and interpret the primary linguistic foundation of the verses. They create interpretations, valuations, and «secondary» signifiers, as defined by Lotman, that overlay the «primary» statements of the verses and laisses. Simultaneously, these repetitions transform the text with surprising word and sound combinations, a variety of rhetorical figures, and a tendency toward supralinguistic innovation, turning it into an aesthetic artificium that demands admiration and demonstrates a high level of metalinguistic awareness and literary professionalism. The Cid favors repetitions that juxtapose phonetic similarity with semantic incongruence. From a rhetorical perspective, this includes homonymy, paronomasia and tmesis, which are central to my analysis. These rhetorical figures are also significant because they reference potential pretexts, primarily Latin literature. The author of the Cid, who combines similarity and dissimilarity in unusual ways, draws on the rhetoric of classical Roman and medieval Latin writings. My concluding thesis asserts that he is undoubtedly a well-educated Latinist.

ARÁNZARU QUINTANA SAN JOSÉ
Eres tonta, te quiero: La descortesía como método de afiliación en el español peninsular

In this article, I analyse the usage of impoliteness as a method of affiliation in instant messaging applications, given the lack of studies on this topic for Spanish. In order to do, I have compiled data and created an online corpus called CODES. The results will be studied, by taking into account the variables of sex and age. The utterances reveal significant differences, not only regarding gender but also the generation. Moreover, the data I have obtained allow for pinpointing the linguistic mechanisms underlying these phenomena.

JAIME RAMÍREZ PONS
Las dedicatorias en los diccionarios: caracterización lingüística de una tradición discursiva

Although it rarely appears in modern dictionaries, one of the most characteristic texts in the hyperstructure of dictionaries from the 16th to the 19th centuries is the dedication to authority. In it, the lexicographer extols the figure of the dedicatee and asks them to protect their work, while explaining the necessity and reasons for the existence of the dictionary being presented. Based on the framework of Coserian Variational Linguistics and, specifically, on the theory of discourse traditions, this study will extract the main characteristics of the discourse tradition of the dedication (understood as a subgenre of the discourse tradition of the epistle) through a linguistic and discursive analysis focused on the length, structure, sequences and inter-sentential syntactic relations. This study will be conducted on a diachronic corpus (16th–19th centuries) of 20 dictionary dedications.

MARIA MOLENAERS
La construcción absoluta y su aproximación desde la Gramática de Construcciones Diacrónica: un estudio en las traducciones del latín al español (pre)clásico y moderno

This research project aims to elucidate the discrepancy between the communicative status of the Absolute Construction (AC) of the 15 th century, which manifests itself as a Latin calque of an extremely formal nature, and the AC in Modern Spanish, which presents greater syntactic and semantic versatility. To this end, a corpus of (pre)classical and modern Spanish translations of Latin is compiled, in which the evolution of the AC as a form-meaning pair is examined from the methodological perspective of Diachronic Construction Grammar. By analysing the formal and semantic evolution of the AC, three successive transformations are identified: constructional change, reanalysis and actualisation. These modifications evidence the schematisation of the gerundial AC with innovative characteristics, which has moderately progressed towards Communicative Immediacy, as well as the de-schematisation of the past participial AC, which stays restricted to the extreme of the Communicative Distance pole. In addition, an in-depth examination of the linguistic context offers a more dynamic insight into functional-cognitive and typological mechanisms that drive the frequential and multifunctional expansion of the AC: priming and overlap with the gerundial free adjunct, as well as an inclination towards a greater degree of unboundedness combined with the gradual disappearance of the verb-second structure.

JOEL RINI
On the Origin of the Genuinely Galician Present Indicative Forms dis, di, din of dicir

Galician dis, di, din of dicir are synchronically irregular because they lack a root-final consonant, i. e., di- vs. dig-, dic-. They are also diachronically irregular: Old Galician exhibited dizes, dize, dizen, but unlike Portuguese, Mirandese, Asturian, Castilian, and Aragonese, did not retain a root-final consonant. Considering the general retention of Ibero-Romance root-final consonants descendent from Lat. dῑc-, an explanation for the change of Old Gal. dizes, dize ~diz, dizen to Modern Gal. dis, di, din is in order.
Only two previous proposals have been put forth to date: 1) analogy with dá of dar; and 2) a so-called 3rd sg. -s “insólita” resulting from Old Gal. diz > dis. The former is deemed here untenable on theoretical grounds; the latter, though more plausible, is not unassailable given the maintenance of a 3rd singular final consonant normally associated with the 2nd person in closely related Portuguese and Mirandese. The present study therefore does not take as its point of departure 3rd sg. dis, but instead, a well-established process of historical morphology of the Ibero-Romance verbal system and two other irregular 3rd sg. forms, fai and vai of facer and ir, which point to a more likely explanation, namely syncretism.

SANDRA PEREIRA
Os caualeyros pregũtarom o escudeyro: os dados antigos num novo artigo do verbo perguntar

This work aims to contribute to the study of the verb perguntar (‘to ask’), analyzing it from a lexicographic and syntactic perspective, focusing on the information from the lexicographic article and on grammatical constructions in different phases of Portuguese. Using corpora data from Old Portuguese, Portuguese dialects and Contemporary European Portuguese, the purpose is to cross lexicographic information with syntactic information, providing a description of the verb that contains, in addition to Contemporary European Portuguese (standard) data, elements given by Portuguese dialects and Old Portuguese data. This approach seeks to advance in filling a gap in Portuguese lexicography, aggregating data from different periods and bringing together lexical and syntactic information in an integrated way.
The data described show that the verb perguntar, in Old Portuguese, exhibited a dative/accusative alternation in the case attributed to the constituent with the thematic role of Target. This alternation ceases to exist from the 16th century onwards. But the possibility of co-occurrence of dative passives and syntactic passives remains until nowadays, both constructions described early in the history of Portuguese. The proposed lexicographic article illustrates these grammatical elements in addition to describing the meanings found.

RAYMUND WILHELM
Il verso volgare di Bonvesin da la Riva. Questioni di metrica fra linguistica storica e edizione dei testi

Despite Contini’s exemplary edition (1941), the linguistic and textual form of Bonvesin da la Riva’s poems must still be regarded as unresolved in many respects. The dual hypothesis of dialectal authenticity and the absolute regularity of the metre has led to significant interventions in the transmitted texts in the past. This paper first provides a critical appraisal of the relevant discussion since Salvioni (1911). It then highlights some problematic aspects of the editions by Contini (1941 and 1960) and Gökçen (1996 and 2001). The subsequently developed proposal assigns an essential role to the rhythmic structure of Bonvesin da la Riva’s verses. Our hypothesis is that deviations from the 7 + 7 scheme of the alexandrine are tolerated because the identity of the hemistich is also based on the sequence of stressed and unstressed syllables, whereas unstressed syllables can be absent at the beginning of the verse and doubled within the verse. The proposal also has implications for our understanding of the diachrony of the loss of unstressed final vowels in Milanese. These were apparently preserved over a longer period of time than previously assumed. Using a series of examples from the new edition of the Scrigiura rossa, it is finally demonstrated to what extent the hypothesis proposed here allows the identification and partial correction of textual corruptions in the 15th-century manuscripts.

TIMO KORKIAKANGAS
Sull’idronimo la Cercle della carta ChLA 1071 lucchese del 779: un plurale?

The hydronym la Cercle, attested twice in the charter ChLA 1071 (Lucca, AD 779), has aroused several scholars’ interest, as it seems to contain an early occurrence of the Romance definite article la. Various theories have been presented regarding the name, which is difficult to interpret. In this contribution, we examine the hypotheses put forward thus far and propose an alternative reading, according to which the name is in the plural: a mixed phrase composed of an «asigmatic» plural article la (< Lat. illas) followed by a vocalic plural cercle (< Lat. querculae).

MISZELLEN

CYRIL ASLANOV / NELLY BEN-ISRAËL
Le fonds de linguistique romane de la bibliothèque de l’Université hébraïque de Jérusalem

The present article aims at recounting the history of the library collection of Romance linguistic and philology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, inaugurated on Mount Scopus in 1925 and relocated several times until the renovation of the enlarged primeval campus in 1981. This collection that originally consisted in a Seminarbibliothek was enriched in spite of the afore-mentioned relocations. It eventually became a very complete resource in the frame of the Bloomfield Library of Humanities and Social Sciences. Our study is divided in two parts : the first one summarizes the main stages in the acquisition of the collection against the background of the heydays of the Jerusalem school of Romance studies; the second one focuses on the present and tries to foresee the future in an attempt to point at a critical situation due to the gap between the bibliographical resources at hand and the present readership. This disproportion is partly due to a critical withdrawal in the knowledge of all the Romance languages but Spanish in the Israeli academic world. Yet, a deeper analysis reveals that beyond the linguistic obstacle, the lack of interest in the library collection of Romance linguistics could be the consequence of a recent evolution in linguistic studies that increasingly move away from the philological ground, especially in the United States, a country whose scientific culture is exerting a decisive influence on the Israeli linguists of the last two generations.

JEAN-PIERRE CHAMBON
Deux notes de toponymie franc-comtoise : Oppenans et En Népouley (Haute-Saône)

I. For several decades, the etymology of Oppenans (Haute-Saône) has given rise to interpretations that are less and less controlled and less and less credible. It is time to put an end to this drift by returning to the solution given by Gamillscheg in 1936 (a solution totally ignored by French toponymists): namely, a Burgundian deanthroponymic derivative * Uppa.n‑ingôs. The integration of this place-name into Ostic morphology (flexion and derivation) and anthroponymy, as well as its inclusion in a tight group of * ‑ingôs formations, make this solution, which is also phonetically regular, as reliable as possible. The creation of * Uppaningôs must therefore be placed between 457 and 534, the extreme dates of Burgundian political domination over the city of the Sequans. — II. It is proposed that En Népouley, the name of an area split between the communes of Oppenans and Borey, is a Latin collective derivative *nespol-etu ‘place where medlar trees grow’. The base of this derivative does not have the oilic syncopation, but a suffixal graft into *-ọ́la, which shifted the accent. This process is well documented in Franco-Provençal (south), in the Vivaro-Alpine amphizone and in Occitan. Furthermore, the topographical and toponymic contexts suggest that *nespoletu is a typical saltus name predating the establishment of the finage of the villa of * Uppaningôs/Oppenans between 457 and 534. It follows that the Népouley treatment provides a clue to the approximate date at which what is now the oilicFranche-Comté area first became part of the emerging Franco-Provençal domain.

BESPRECHUNGEN

MARTHE PAQUANT
Pierre Rézeau, L’ « Etymologicon » de Jean Le Bon (1571) et autres témoins du français préclassique (Travaux de linguistique romane, 12), Strasbourg, ELiPhi, 2023, 199 p.

MICHAEL SCHREIBER
Matthias Marschall, Critique de la grammaire pour une grammaire critique. Comparaison des structures allemandes et françaises (Kontraste/Contrastes, vol. 7), Berlin, Lang, 2022, 609 p.

JOSÉ RAMÓN MORALA RODRÍGUEZ
Javier Rodríguez Molina, El Breviario antiguo de Cardeña de 1327. Edición y estudio lingüístico de su miscelánea romance (Estudios filológicos, 353), Salamanca, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2023, 320 p.

PAOLA CIFARELLI
Frédéric Duval / Elisa Guadagnini, Le théâtre antique au Moyen Âge. Étude des mots et des concepts dans les textes en français et en italien (« Publications romanes et françaises » CCLXXVII), Genève, Droz, 2024, 670 p.

ALESSANDRA ARCIDIACONO
Raymund Wilhelm, Le tradizioni discorsive. Dalle norme comunicative alla storia della lingua, Roma, Carocci, 2024, 328 p.

DANILO POGGIOGALLI
Massimo Palermo, Tanto per cambiare. La coazione a variare nella storia dell’italiano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2025, 246 p.